A New Journey - Original Writing :: Papers

A New Journey - Original Writing A journey begins with a step, a voice, a vision or a loved one. My journey first began with a cry, unknowing what the future beholds, but in the end, I found myself at a destination which I did not visualise. A destination that was not meant to be. An end that became a new beginning. "Please don't do this to me, Ma." I said with a shaky voice. Already annoyed, my mother said, "I just can't afford it, okay?" "But what about my future? If I don't go to college, I won't even have one." "You know something? You are selfish. All you care about is yourself. Have you ever thought about my position? I don't have a job. I don't have a stable income. And you know what your father is doing about this? Nothing. Don't talk to me about this now." She said as she walked away. I followed her to the kitchen, unwilling to give in. "I'm selfish? You're the one who is selfish! Now all you think about is Gary. I'm your daughter! I came first! I'm supposed to be number one!" I shouted. My vision began to blur as a film of tear coated my eyeballs. "Why are you doing this to me, Ma? Every time you come home, all you do is talk to Gary. You know I'm alone. You know I don't have friends. And now I've lost you. I might as well be dead." I grumbled. "You are just so bloody stubborn! Go on. Go hang yourself." She ended the conversation with such hurtful words. With uncontrollable tears streaming out of my eyes, I ran into my room and slammed the door hard. I took out my journal and put in writing everything that had just happened. As I was doing so, I thought about my father; I hate him. It is his fault all this had happened. It was his cruel gesture that caused this mess. How is it that he had the heart to do

Care for our environment

Care for our environment Albert Einstein once said â€Å"Look deep into the nature and you will understand everything better. † Save your environment because it is a place where you live and do whatever you want to. I get a lot of questions these days about going green. The most common of those questions is â€Å"Why should I Care for the environment? † The problem is this hasn't been raised by people who love recycling an organic food but from people who think recycling and buying organic food is Just futile and an utter waste of time. Let me explain some simple reasons to save our environment. Firstly†¦ ow the world your good side. The impact we have on the environment today will make a big difference on the future generation. Your attitude towards the environment shows your personality. I f you are a person who doesn't care for the environment, it shows that you are an irresponsible person. Secondly nobody likes to live in an atmosphere filled with smog. It beco mes hard to breathe and it causes a number of health problems which ultimately leads to death. Thirdly beautiful parks and beaches are scintillating to the mind and body. Unfortunately these have been destroyed by the mankind itself.As a result these gifts of nature are becoming more of a past memory and less of a reality. Last but not the least, human race isn't going to die out anytime soon. But we are using up our resources faster than we can replenish them. If we continue at the same place, we are eventually going to run out of fossil fuels, trees, drinking water etc. So remember, a green world is a better world. So let us Join hands and strive towards building a greener and better place to live in and let's make the future generation proud of what we did for them.

A Study on Motivation Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2254 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Rationale of the Study In the dictionary, the word inventory means, as an itemized list of goods, property or a list of things what a person owns. Everyone does inventory and it can be done anywhere, to maintain the availability of something that is useful to someone. So, every person undertakes inventory, which can be considered as a natural occupation by an individual. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a need for an entrepreneur to do an inventory, for the business to work with the inconsistent changes in relation to the supply chain. Every inventory of the business tried to strike a balance either of what is needed and what is demanded, considering reduction or cutting is the major factor of cost and it is called inventory management or inventory control. Assets are basically an inventory which are stocks in business. An entrepreneur purchases raw materials for the purpose of reselling it to the customers. In situations where purchasing or manufacturing of the items is not a ble to satisfy the demand, inventory enables a company to support the customer service, logistical or manufacturing activities. For a business to have a successful inventory management enfold simultaneously endeavor to balance the costs of inventory for the benefit not only to the business but also to the consumer itself. It is necessary for a business to keep records specifically inventory records in order to provide an information that can be useful to make decisions on inventory management. A lot of planning and hard work is required to have a successful business. It is like sailing; you can avoid storms with an accurate navigation, but the moment you lower your guard, any time the storm can capsize your ship. Business is a matter of analytical decisions, weighing things down and taking into account the experiences youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve encountered to formulate strategies to ensure the success and the eagerness to achieve the desired results of doing such activity. The st udy seeks to enhance the practices of the carenderias in managing their inventories by incorporating the practices of the selected restaurants in Cebu City that have been operating for years and have achieved the right way on how to manage the availability of their inventories. Theoretical Background In a long rectangular table, it is a habit among Filipinos to join together during meal time, whether home-cooked or at one of the many eateries in the country, considering it to be an important time to socialize, or to at least communicate with someone. Some businesses started as a hobby, skills or talents by an individual to make profits. In which todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s generation, some Filipinos engage in food business. The concept of selling foods for profits has been way of the Filipinosà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ livelihood, and it can be seen everywhere. One good example is the Carenderias also called as turo-turo, in which customers will point toward the food they want to eat fro m the displayed dishes. Carenderias are known as a quick service type eatery, foods are already cooked and to be served anytime. Also, they serve foods in which it is popular to the taste of Filipinos. Carenderias are easy to build on; all you need to have is a capital, location, the skills in cooking and the word of mouth advertising. Carenderias are a small type of food business that some Filipinos are engaging, in order to sustain the needs of their family. Carenderias are independently owned by an individual, in which all the cases that the business is facing can only be solved by the entrepreneur with the help of the appropriate decision made by an individual. Many entrepreneurs, from ignorance or overconfidence have a difficulty in achieving business growth and development. Perhaps the most usual mistake of entrepreneurs is related to the management of the business. To start a business is not a sufficient skill for an entrepreneur. As the business continues to grow, the ent repreneur must develop a certain strategy to foster a continuous growth for the business. Nevertheless, if the entrepreneur does not advert to this need, He may not be able to manage the resources available properly and thereby record a decrease in profitability or even bankruptcy. This mistake often occurs when the business has reached a certain level of growth. Entrepreneurs should realize that when a business has reached a certain level of growth, business requires a certain expertise in the management that is practiced by people with knowledge and experience. In other words, entrepreneurs should have enough skills to manage a larger scale of business. (Burdus, 2010) Every entrepreneur wants to grow their business and know what factors that affect the continuous development. Perhaps the lack of survival strategy, especially on ways of achieving competitive advantage discontinue the progress of the business. Having a clear strategy, entrepreneurs can determine their target goal and how they can achieve them. (Ibid) One of the most important aspects in running a business is Inventory management; Entrepreneurs should have the basic knowledge and fundamental skills of inventory management. Having these skills, entrepreneurs can properly manage the resources, in a way that he can maximize the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ profits. It is important that an entrepreneur can control the items or goods that are needed for the business, to determine whether the business has enough supply to use. The turnover of inventory represents one of the primary sources of the revenue generated and the earnings for the company. Therefore, inventories are companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investments that are to be realized in the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ operating cycle that would eventually generate a profit for the business. Also, inventories are the heart and soul of sales and production. Inventories are components that are used for production of goods or services that are sold in the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ daily operating cycle. It is categorized based on how they are being used during the production process. These include raw materials, work in process goods and finished products. Business always needs to keep inventories available in order to maintain the production cycle without affecting the daily operation process of the business. It is important for the managers to properly manage their inventory efficiently and effectively in order not to have too much or too less resources available for the production of the business. Proper management of inventory also includes knowing what resources that should be stored and when will be the next purchase of the resources be needed. Also, it is very important for managers to know how much resources that should be stored and control the level of inventory to avoid the possibility of slowing the production of the business due to lack of resources available and to avoid the risk of having excess inventories not being sold. Therefore the efficient and effective management of inventory helps in achieving better operational results and has significant impact on a businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ profitability. In achieving the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ success, one factor that could really help is motivation in which it has a direct impact on individuals working in the business. Perhaps in business, what motivates managers and employees to do their job is the need to achieve the goals of the business, because when the business becomes successful, managers are rewarded for the effort they have made. The reward that was granted to managers gave them the self-esteem and got even more motivated; in fact Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1943) Hierarchy of needs explains that the self-esteem gives a person a sense of value and that sense gives motivation to the managers. It is not only the managers who need motivation, but as well as those people in the business (e.g. Employees). Motivated employees te nd to be more productive, and that productivity makes the company profitable and gives the companys ability to achieve their goals. In every business, thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s always a goal that an entrepreneur need to set out in order to know what the entrepreneur want to achieve for the business. Setting goals is an essential part in achieving success. In fact, Locke and Lathamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goal setting theory (1990) cited by Sarah Pavey explained that, having clarity in setting a goal is one of the principles that can improve the chances of success. Setting goals must be clearly stated and certain, to be able to have the exact path of what an entrepreneur wants to achieve. In addition, having that certain goal needs commitment to that particular goal to achieve what you really want to achieve and believe that you can achieve that goal. The entrepreneur should dedicate more time and work on improving the ability of the business to achieve goals and learn what are necessar y for the business to succeed. An entrepreneur is often motivated in achieving challenging goals for them to enhance feelings of achievement and encourages them to work harder to achieve them. In selecting the right goal, entrepreneurs should also listen to the feedbacks of other people to identify how well a business is progressing. Gaining feedbacks also helps you know if you can meet the goal you want to achieve. It is not necessary that the feedbacks come from the other people; an entrepreneur can also check by simply looking at the accomplishments such as financial statements and analyzing how well a business is progressing. Every business has their goals, and by this, we refer to what the business intends to become and achieve at some point and how this business aims to reach their goals. Aristotle explained in one of his four causes, the final causality that a certain purpose or aim can cause an individual to do an action to achieve its aims. The desire of the entrepreneur to achieve that certain goal depends on how motivated he is. As cited by Elizabeth Eyre, McClellandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Theory (1961) which explains that each individual has their own way to be motivated. There are individuals who are motivated in achieving goals, others are motivated when working with other people, and some are motivated when they influence other people. Individuals develop them through their cultures and life experiences. An entrepreneur needs to be motivated in order to be persistent in achieving a certain goal. To sustain a business goal is, therefore, a condition where a business has to achieve consistently what is set out to achieve so as to succeed and remain in business. Also, setting things incrementally with short-term plans that take it as a stepping stone to larger plans the entrepreneur wants to achieve. Setting goals is an essential part in achieving success. There are several factors that could affect the business in achieving its goals; in fact, t hese factors can be measured using S.W.O.T. Analysis. As cited by Morrison (2014), Humprey has developed this tool to evaluate the strategic plans of the business. This tool is used to understand the strengths of the business that gives them an advantage over others. The strengths of the companies give them more opportunities. The tool is also used to determine the weaknesses of the business that gives them a disadvantage for others and the threats that could cause those troubles. Using S.W.O.T analysis, business can determine what are the internal factors and external factors that the business has to deal with in order to recognize what hinders the business from achieving its goals and what does not. When managers can determine these factors, the management then decides and plans an action in accordance to achieving their goals. Managers are always faced with numerous situations where they have to make several decisions that should give a positive effect on the business. Thus, A tkinsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1980) expectancy-value theory explains that the decisions made by managers are influenced by what they are expecting to achieve when making such decisions. Atkinson defined expectancy as what an individual believes the outcome will be and defined value as how important the outcome it is to the individual. Making a precise decisions determine how a business should be managed because this decisions are ways on how the business can achieve its goals. Figure 1. Theoretical Framework The success of the business depends on how well the inventories are being managed. However, the management of the inventories depends on how the managers achieve their desired goals. Also, the desire of the managers to achieve a certain goal depends on how motivated they are to do their work. Goal setting theory explains how efficient and effective business should make their goals. The goals set by the entrepreneur a re the aim they want to achieve. Thus, final causality gives the idea that the goal of the business causes the managers to do such thing in order to achieve its goals. This cause is the primary reason that makes the managers be motivated. The motivational need theory explains that achieving certain goals makes an individual motivated. Achieving goals give managers confidence to do more on their job, in fact Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1943) Hierarchy of needs as cited by Chapman explains that self-esteem gives a person a sense of value and that sense gives motivation to the managers. It is not only the managers who need motivation, but as well as those people who are directly affected by the business. Motivation helps managers in making better decisions. The Expected Value Theory explains that the decisions made are weighed based on the desired outcome they want. After achieving the desired result, this gives managers a job satisfaction. This satisfaction gives motivation to entrepre neur and makes him more productive and the management of the business goes well. A better management of the business leads the business into success and the business becomes more profitable. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Study on Motivation Theory" essay for you Create order

My Philosophy Teaching Philosophy - 1071 Words

After reading Professor Varis teaching philosophy it is quite evident he takes great consideration for his students and their learning opportunities. As I reflect on and review my understanding and my learning philosophy I am given the chance to reflect on past classes and possibly what could have been different on my behalf and the professor’s behalf. Also at this time I relish the opportunity to contimplate what my values, principles, achievement skills and also my expectations for this class are. Values and principles develop primarily from ones upbringing and their family morals. However with school and ones education I believe sometimes it may develop over time. For myself, I truly believe that if one works hard and strives for their best greatness can be ultimately achieved. For some cheating may be their way of making it through the years of formal education. Although it is not always easy, hard work and effort are far more valuable than cheating one’s way throug h. My value of honesty when completing assignments, tests and papers is first and for most on how I have strived to achieve my educational goals. This also means I am a firm believer in academic integrity because if one is dishonest they will not benefit from dis-integrity. I believe that hard work and effort reflects the marks that I receive. Knowledge is power and the value of my education is limitless. I believe that knowledge equals empowerment and that through education you receiveShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy911 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy When I think about my teaching philosophy, I think of a quote by Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer and philosopher. 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For meRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching For Teaching932 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was learning about teaching in college classes my philosophy of education was different than when I actually started doing my student teaching. As soon as a teacher enters the classroom, it should be his/her second home. Teaching is a field of occupation where teacher needs have these two personality traits: patience and flexibility. Not all teachers are same thus each has their unique way of teaching students. My philosophy for teaching is very simple and fair. I would like to incorporateRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy1088 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of my academic career, teaching has always been an important part of my academic duties. The interaction that I have with students is not only enjoyable to me, but it also gives me an invaluable perspective on the subjects I am teaching. 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Child Psychology Essay - 1880 Words

Child Psychology I. Purpose of paper: Child Psychology, study of children’s behavior-including physical, cognitive, motor, linguistic, perceptual, social, and emotional characteristics-from birth through adolescence. Child psychologists attempt to explain the similarities and differences among children and to describe normal as well as abnormal behavior and development. They also develop methods of treating social, emotional, and learning problems and provide therapy privately and in schools, hospitals, and other institutions. Two critical problems for child psychologists are (1) to determine how environmental variables (such as parental attitudes) and biological characteristics (such as health) interact and†¦show more content†¦In the 19th century, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution provided an impetus for the scientific examination of child development. He emphasis on the survival behavior of different species stimulated an interest in observing children to identify their adaptive behaviors and to learn about the inheritance of human behavior. These studies were of limited scientific value because they lacked objectively and often failed to describe adequately he behaviors being observed, making validation impossible (kroll 1995). Scientific research in child development flourished from the early 1900’s. One major stimulus was the introduction (1916) by the American psychologist Lewis Terman of the test known today as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. This test led to a number of studies about children’s intellectual development. 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PRICE and NON PRICE COMPETITION markets Free Essays

An agreement made by where purchasers and Sellerss coming close contact with each other for the intent of purchasing and merchandising of goods and services straight or indirectly is described as market. Perfective Competition Monopolistic Competition Monopoly Competition Market Oligopoly Competition Duopoly Competition Monopoly Market Single house No replacement Monetary value shaper Downward inclining supply curve Entry barriers No competition Perfect Market Monetary value Homogeneous merchandises Large figure of purchasers and Sellerss Free entry and free issue Perfect cognition Perfect mobility of factors of production Absence of conveyance cost DUOPLOY Market 2 Sellerss Restricted entry Sellers have some market power Close replacement might be differentiated Demand curve downward sloping Equilibrium point is MR =MC Oligopoly Market Few Sellerss Homogeneous and differentiated merchandises Restricted entry Imperfect information Mutuality and changeless battle Very high monetary value snap High merchandising cost Lack of uncertainness MONOPOLISTIC Market Large figure of purchasers an Sellerss Merchandise distinction Free entry High merchandising cost Two dimensions of competition Monetary value Non monetary value DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRICE AND NON PRICE COMPETITION Footing NON PRICE Monetary value Meaning Marketing scheme in which one house tries to separate its merchandise or service from viing merchandises on the footing of properties like design and craft † Selling scheme where a company tries to separate its merchandise or service from viing merchandises on the footing of low monetary value. Focus The focal point is on quality, deign, bringing methods, locations, particular services The focal point is on lone monetary value of the merchandise. We will write a custom essay sample on PRICE and NON PRICE COMPETITION markets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Net income It is normally more profitable than selling for a lower monetary value, and avoids the hazard of a monetary value war. The company may take to stand in normal net income or normal net income. Selling Cost Selling cost is high as the company pass a batch on promotional activities Selling cost is low as company focuses on monetary value factor more than promotional activities. Market Most common among oligopolies and monopolistic competition, because houses can be highly competitory. Due to inordinate completion, a state of affairs of monetary value wars occurs in oligopolistic and monopolistic markets Examples Shampoo Market Mobile service suppliers NON PRICE COMPETITION Applicable to all markets except perfect A ; monopoly market. Single purchaser in monopoly so no competition. PRICE COMPETITION Applicable in all types of markets except monopoly market All are monetary value takers A ; monopoly is monetary value shaper. NON PRICE COMPETITION Product distinction is the procedure of separating a merchandise from other merchandises in the market by adding alone characteristics like manner, quality, offers etc which makes it more attractive and superior to the mark market. The success of the merchandise distinction is more based on non monetary value factors non monetary value factors and successful distinction gives origin to monopolistic competition and sometimes to hone competition besides. There are three types of merchandise distinction: 1. Simple: based on a assortment of features 2. Horizontal: based on a individual feature but consumers are non clear on quality 3. Vertical: based on a individual feature and consumers are clear on its quality 3 Elementss of monetary value distinction 1. Convenience- as the altering scenario client wants the merchandise every bit shortly as possible. So the house should seek to present the merchandise available on clip. 2. Customization- harmonizing to the demands of the clients the merchandise must alter in footings of sizes, colour, design, engineering etc 3. Cost recovery- this is the cost that is deserving bear downing. It doesnaa‚ ¬a„?t average really high or really low but should be sensible harmonizing to the merchandise. Non monetary value determiners of demand Income of the consumer There is direct relation between the income of the consumer and demand for it. By and large, higher the income, higher the measure demanded and lower the income lower the measure demanded. Monetary value of the related good In instance of replacement goods, demand for a trade good falls with the autumn in the monetary value of other trade goods In instance of complementary goods, monetary value demand of a trade good rises with the autumn in the monetary value of other trade goods. Taste and penchant If the client has developed a gustatory sensation for a trade good, the demand will increase If he has no gustatory sensation and penchant for the merchandise, the demand will diminish. Seasonal factors The demand keeps on altering harmonizing to the conditions conditions. Summers will increase the demand of soft drinks whereas winter will increase the demand og woollens. Number of purchasers The demand of any merchandise depends on the figure of purchasers of the merchandise. More the purchasers demand will be high, less the figure of purchaser demand will be less. , Future outlooks If the monetary value of any trade good is expected to lift in future, clients starts purchasing prior to that and if the crowbars are expected to come down in future the client postpone his purchasing to acquire the benefit. NON PRICE DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLY Input signal monetary values As the input monetary values increases, the supply will be affected and will fall down. Technology Measure of the stuff required depends upon the engineering. Cost salvaging engineering consequences in autumn in input monetary values and therefore addition in the supply. Number of Sellerss With the addition in the figure of Sellerss, the supply besides increases with the curve switching to its right side. Expectations If the monetary values are expected to lift in future, the marketer will do unreal deficit and therefore the supply decreases. ADVANTAGES OF NON PRICE COMPETITION The consumers get low monetary values as the accent is non on monetary value itaa‚ ¬a„?s fundamentally on the other factors of the merchandise other than monetary value. To convey fluctuations houses keep on conveying new engineerings which result in more smoothing of the maps and add fluctuation in the merchandise. The accent is non on monetary value and hence the chief focal point is on bettering the quality and the services of the merchandise. Large figure of discrepancies leads to many picks and options for the clients in the market. There is no monetary value war in the market hence it keeps and creates a proper subject in the market which leads to smooth state of affairs. Consumers get more and more fringe benefits in footings of offers and price reductions which attract people and therefore take to competition in the market. A typical characteristic of non-price tools is that they may modify the grade of replaceability among goods. PRICE CONPETITION PRICE EALSTICITY OF DEMAND This step the reactivity of measure demanded of a merchandise to alterations in its ain monetary value. It allows comparing of measure demanded with pecuniary alterations It measures the alteration Market PRICE ELASTICITY Perfect market Monopoly market Monopolistic market Oligopoly market Duopoly market In this market the demand is elastic as the merchandises are indistinguishable in nature and are perfect replacement of each other. This market is extremely inelastic as there is 1 marketer who can do alterations in the monetary value and measure demanded consequently. Demand is comparatively elastic, with little alteration in monetary value leads to big alteration in measure demanded as all the merchandises are close replacement of each other. Demand is comparatively elastic as the merchandises are close replacement of each other. Demand is comparatively elastic as there are merely 2 Sellerss in the market and the merchandises are close replacement. For example- If the monetary value of steel and Fe additions what happens to its measure demanded. CROSS ELASTICITY OF DEMAND The reactivity of demand for one good to a alteration in the monetary value of another ; the proportionate alteration in demand for one good divided by the proportionate alteration in the monetary value of the other. Market CROSS ELASTICITY Perfect market Monopolistic market Duopoly market Oligopoly market Monopoly market As the merchandises are homogeneous there is a high monetary value cross snap demand. Cross piece snap is comparatively high due to competition and the figure of manufacturers in this market is high Fewer manufacturers in the market so the cross monetary value snap is low. Merchandises are close replacement, so alteration in monetary value will increase the demand of another merchandise. It has high cross snap. Merely 1 marketer in the market and therefore no replacement is available so transverse monetary value snap is non applicable ADVANTAGES OF PRICE COMPETITION Pricing policy has a direct impact on the clients as pricing of any merchandise is the first observation of clients. Puting monetary values is relatively a simple undertaking as it does non necessitate fiscal and accounting records to find monetary values No market research is required which involves a high cost. So it saves cost on promotional activities as compared to non monetary value competition. Pricing straight indicates the quality and criterion of the merchandise and therefore the value of the merchandise can be estimated. Price competition divides the sections decently as it clearly points the premium and economic system category. Pricing scheme helps a batch to new participants come ining in the market to derive market portion. Decision Monetary value and non monetary value, both have different impact on the markets. As observed in the above assignment it is seen that monopolistic market is the market state of affairs which is most influenced by both the schemes i.e. monetary value and non monetary value. This assignment is all my ain work and has non been copied in portion or in whole from any other beginning, except for any clearly marked up citation. It complies with the Instituteaa‚ ¬a„?s ordinances on Plagiarism which I have read and understood. How to cite PRICE and NON PRICE COMPETITION markets, Essay examples

Balance Sheet and Financial Reporting Fraud free essay sample

There is clear evidence throughout the questionnaire that there is a measurable â€Å"tone from the top† regarding integrity and a commitment to corporate values. Dickinson maintains a comprehensive code of conduct that all employees are required to sign and follow. Senior management is highly respected and employees feel a sense of fairness and integrity when dealing with them. When problems do arise, management is quick and decisive in their actions to resolve. These aspects further â€Å"set the tone† in the organization and were evident in the Integrity and Ethical Values control factor section of the questionnaire. Other areas of note that suggest a low risk of fraudulent financial reporting come from responses within the Management’s Philosophy and Operating Style control factor section. Management does not put heavy emphasis on immediate, short-term operating results. This alleviates internal pressure for associates to meet specific numbers at month, quarter or year end cut-off periods. If Dickinson Technologies had a more myopic view on short term results, this could be a greater area of risk. There is also evidence that internal goals and metrics are reasonable and often met. Past achievements of meeting budgets suggest an ability for the company to hit financial goals without having to manipulate data. Management has also taken a conservative stance with accounting policies, such as revenue recognition, that further suggests a risk adverse attitude to financial reporting. Perhaps the strongest evidence in the case that suggests a low risk of financial reporting fraud comes from the Board of Directors and Audit Committee structure. A Board Committee does exist and is in compliance with SEC policies. An audit committee exists, as well as compensation and stock option committees, providing multiple levels of oversight. Members of committees have adequate industry knowledge and are properly appointed. There are annual reviews of audit activities, functions and findings, and relevant issues are brought to the attention of the appropriate executive officers. Internal and external auditors are also included in communications of findings. This policy of transparency and open communication provides substantial evidence that Dickinson Technologies is at a low risk for fraudulent financial reporting. Dickinson Technologies, Inc. faces a far greater risk of misappropriation of assets, than it does of fraudulent financial reporting. The key risk factors that were evident from the questionnaire placed a spotlight on areas of weakness. Management’s overall attitude towards overriding existing controls and the lack of oversight of the control structure create an environment where asset misappropriation can occur. In the Integrity and Ethical Values section of the questionnaire, rules were vague or non-existent regarding individuals’ abilities to override requirements. Overrides can happen without documentation or management approval and further investigation does not occur. Senior management also places a lot of responsibility on supervisory level employees and provides them with broad authorities that are not regularly reviewed. Without proper oversight, management simply relies on having good people in place and no control mechanisms to verify appropriate behaviors. This theme continued throughout the Assignment of Authority and Responsibility section of the questionnaire. Along with improper segregation of duties and inadequate levels of oversight, management’s most egregious violation of controls occurs with the protection of company assets. Under the Management Philosophy and Operating Style section, observations and documented occurrences of failures occurred. This suggests that policies are in place with regard to safeguard company assets, they are just not being met or followed up on. The existence of this type of culture can manifest into much larger problems, if gone unchecked. According to our readings, in-class discussions and text information, fraudulent financial reporting tends to have the largest impact on the outside investment community and financial markets. For this reason, close attention should be given when reviewing an organization’s control structure. This type of fraudulent activity tends to be perpetrated by upper levels of management; the very people responsible for substantiating the financial reports. Control systems are much more likely to prevent and or detect misappropriation of assets than they are to identify fraudulent reporting. Financial reporting fraud also tends to carry a greater magnitude in terms of materiality. The accumulated efforts of stealing inventories or cash equivalents can take long periods of time to accomplish. Massive changes in financial position can happen instantly on financial reports and carry far more financial significance. In this case study, Dickinson Technologies, Inc. poses more risk from misappropriation of assets occurring. The evidence suggests inadequate controls when it comes to safeguarding its assets, but a strong environment exists with its financial reporting controls. A proper tone from upper management of integrity and an adherence to values, as well as other strong control features protect Dickinson from financial fraud. This, however, is no guarantee that fraud could not happen. As our lecture discussions and text notes suggest, there is no one control system that can absolutely protect an organization from fraudulent activity. The goal is to make it as difficult as possible for these activities to transpire.